Cost of goods sold is comprised of:

Long-term investments

Long-term investments include investments in equity securities of entities over which the Company does not have a controlling financial interest or significant influence and are accounted for at fair value. Equity investments without readily determinable fair values are measured at cost with adjustments for observable changes in price or impairments (referred to as the “measurement alternative”). In applying the measurement alternative, the Company performs a qualitative assessment on a quarterly basis and recognizes an impairment if there are sufficient indicators that the fair value of the equity investments is less than carrying values. Changes in value are recorded in non-operating income (loss).

Marketing and promotion

Marketing and promotion expenses are comprised primarily of marketing and advertising expenses.

The table below presents supplemental cash flow information related to leases.

The following table sets forth the net carrying amount of the convertible debentures:

APHA 24

The APHA 24 convertible debentures, were entered into in April 2019, in the principal amount of $350,000, bears interest at a rate of 5.25% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, and matures on June 1, 2024, unless earlier converted. The APHA 24 is an unsecured obligation and ranks senior in right of payment to all indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to APHA 24. The APHA 24

will rank equal in right of payment with all liabilities that are not subordinated. The APHA 24 is effectively junior to any secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness.

Holders of the APHA 24 may convert all or any portion of their Notes, in multiples of one thousand dollars principal amount, at their option at any time between December 1, 2023 to the maturity date. The initial conversion rate for the APHA 24 will be 89.31162364 shares of common stock per one thousand dollars principal amount of Notes, which will be settled in cash, common shares of Aphria or a combination thereof, at Tilray’s election. This is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $11.20 per common share, subject to adjustments in certain events. In addition, holders of the APHA 24 may convert all or any portion of their Notes, in multiples of one thousand dollars principal amount, at their option at any time preceding December 1, 2023, if any of the following:

The Company may not redeem the APHA 24 prior to June 6, 2022, except upon the occurrence of certain changes in tax laws. On or after June 6, 2022, the Company may redeem for cash all or part of the APHA 24, at its option, if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common shares has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on and including trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption. The redemption of the APHA 24 will be equal to 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date.

The Company elected the fair value option under ASC 825 Fair Value Measurements for the APHA 24. The APHA 24 was initially recognized at fair value on the balance sheet. All subsequent changes in fair value, excluding the impact of the change in fair value related to instrument-specific credit risk are recorded in non-operating income. The changes in fair value related to instrument-specific credit risk is recorded through other comprehensive income (loss).

The overall change in fair value of the APHA 24 during the year ended May 31, 2022 was a decrease of $163,670 with a foreign exchange impact of $19,021 (2021 – increase of $170,453 and $32,586), which included contractual interest of $13,600 (2021 - $13,600). As at May 31, 2022, there was $259,400 principal outstanding (2021 - $259,400).

TLRY 23

The TLRY 23 bears interest at a rate of 5.00% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on April 1 and October 1 of each year. Additional interest may accrue on the TLRY 23 in specified circumstances. The TLRY 23 will mature on October 1, 2023, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted. There are no principal payments required over the five-year term of the TLRY 23, except in the case of redemption or events of defaults.

The TLRY 23 is an unsecured obligation and ranks senior in right of payment to all of the Company’s indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the TLRY 23; equal in right of payment with any of the Company’s unsecured indebtedness that is not so subordinated; effectively junior in right of payment to any of Company’s secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables but excluding intercompany obligations) of the Company’s current or future subsidiaries.

The TLRY 23 includes customary covenants and sets forth certain events of default after which the convertible notes may be declared immediately due and payable, including certain types of bankruptcy or insolvency involving the Company. To the extent the Company so elects, the sole remedy for an event of default relating to certain failures by the Company to comply with certain reporting covenants, for the first 365 days after such event of default, consist exclusively of the right to receive additional interest on the notes. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, at the Company’s election (the “cash conversion option”). The initial conversion rate for the convertible notes is 5.9735 shares of common stock per one thousand dollar principal amount of notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $167.41 per share of common stock, which represents approximately 1,659,737 shares of common stock, based on the $277,856 aggregate principal amount of convertible notes outstanding as of May 31, 2022 (2021 - $nil). Throughout the term of the TLRY 23, the conversion rate may be adjusted upon the occurrence of certain events.

Prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding April 1, 2023, the TLRY 23 will be convertible only under the specified circumstances. On or after April 1, 2023 until the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert all or any portion of their TLRY 23, in multiples of one thousand dollars principal amount, at the option of the holder regardless of the aforementioned circumstances.

The Company may from time to time seek to retire or purchase its TLRY 23, in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Such purchases or exchanges, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, the company's liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. During the year, the Company purchased $88,026 of its TLRY 23.

As of May 31, 2022, the TLRY 23 is not yet convertible. The convertible notes will become convertible upon the satisfaction of the above circumstances. The remaining unamortized debt discount related to the convertible notes as of May 31, 2022 will be accreted over the remaining term of the TLRY 23, which is approximately 16 months.

As of May 31, 2022, the Company was in compliance with all the covenants set forth under the TLRY 23.

During the year ended May 31, 2022, the Company recognized total interest expense of $18,860 (2021 – $1,585), which included contractual interest coupon of $14,684 (2021 - $1,158) and amortization of the discount of $4,176 (2021 - $427).

General and administrative expenses are comprised of the following items:

The table below presents the lease-related assets and liabilities recorded on the balance sheet.

Critical accounting estimates and judgments

The preparation of the Company’s financial statements requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of policies and reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. These estimates and judgements are subject to change based on experience and new information which could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities affecting future periods. Actual results may differ from these estimates. The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized prospectively.

Financial statement areas that require significant judgement are as follows:

Long-term investments and convertible notes receivable – The determination of fair value of the Company’s long-term investments and convertible notes receivable at other than initial cost is subject to certain limitations. Financial information for private companies in which the Company has investments may not be available and, even if available, that information may be limited and/or unreliable.

Use of the valuation approach described below may involve uncertainties and determinations based on the Company’s judgment and any value estimated from these techniques may not be realized or realizable.

Company-specific information is considered when determining whether the fair value of a long-term investment or convertible notes receivable should be adjusted upward or downward at the end of each reporting period. In addition

to company-specific information, the Company will consider trends in general market conditions and the share performance of comparable publicly traded companies when valuing long-term investments and convertible notes receivable.

The fair value of long-term investments and convertible notes receivable may need to be adjusted if:

Adjustment to the fair value of a long-term investment and convertible notes receivable will be based upon management’s judgment and any value estimated may not be realized or realizable. The resulting values for non-publicly traded investments may differ from values that would be realized if a ready market existed.

Estimated useful lives, impairment considerations and amortization of capital and intangible assets – Amortization of capital and intangible assets is dependent upon estimates of useful lives based on management’s judgment.  

Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment testing require management to make estimates in the impairment testing model. On at least an annual basis, the Company tests whether goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are impaired. Impairment of definite long-lived assets is influenced by judgment in defining a reporting unit and determining the indicators of impairment, and estimates used to measure impairment losses

The reporting unit’s fair value is determined using discounted future cash flow models, which incorporate assumptions regarding future events, specifically future cash flows, growth rates and discount rates.

Stock-based compensation – The fair value of stock-based compensation expenses are estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and rely on a number of assumptions including the fair value of common shares on the grant date, risk-free rate, volatility rate, annual dividend yield, the expected term, and the estimated rate of forfeiture of options granted. Volatility is estimated by using the historical volatility of the Company.

Business combinations – Judgement is used in determining a) whether an acquisition is a business combination or an asset acquisition. We use judgement in applying the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations and estimates to value identifiable assets and liabilities at the acquisition date. Estimates are used to determine cash flow projections, including the period of future benefit, and future growth and discount rates, among other factors. The values allocated to the acquired assets and liabilities assumed affect the amount of goodwill recorded on acquisition. Fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is typically estimated using an income approach, which is based on the present value of future discounted cash flows. Significant estimates in the discounted cash flow model include the discount rate, rate of future revenue growth and profitability of the acquired business and working capital effects. The discount rate considers the relevant risk associated with the business-specific characteristics and the uncertainty related to the ability to achieve projected cash flows. These estimates and the resulting valuations require significant judgment. Management engages third party experts to assist in the valuation of material acquisitions.

Convertible debentures – The fair value of Convertible Debentures where the Company had elected the fair value option are determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Assumptions and estimates are made in determining an appropriate conversion price, volatility, dividend yield, and the fair value of common stock. There is judgement in assessing what portion of the gain or loss, if any, relates to the change in the instrument-specific credit risk.

Warrant liability – The fair value of the warrant liability is measured using a Black Scholes pricing model. Assumptions and estimates are made in determining an appropriate risk-free interest rate, volatility, term, dividend yield, discount due to exercise restrictions, and the fair value of common stock. Any significant adjustments to the unobservable inputs would have a direct impact on the fair value of the warrant liability.